4. Risk factors

Risk factors of feather pecking are described in separate webpages. Below the main pages are listed. A figure is showing how risk factors relate to feather pecking, and finally a more detailed list is given of subsections.
Main pages:
4.1. A good start
4.2. Housing
4.3. Management
4.4. Feed
4.5. Health
4.6. Climate
4.7. Bird-related factors.

The pages have the following further subdivision:

• Risk factors
  1. A good start
     1. Rearing
        1. Litter
        2. Early access to litter
        3. Maintaining litter quality
        4. Light
        5. System
        6. Environmental enrichment during rearing
     2. Placement
        1. Matching rearing and lay
        2. Early access to range
  2. Housing
     1. Housing system
        1. Indoor system
        2. Covered veranda
        3. Free range
        4. Functional zones
     2. Furnishment
        1. Litter
        2. Perches
        3. Netsts
     3. Light
        1. Source
        2. Intensity
        3. Colour
        4. Dimming of light
  3. Management
     1. Group effects
        1. Group size
        2. Stocking density
     2. Range
  4. Feed
     1. Feed composition
        1. Protein
        2. Fibre
     2. Managing the feed on the farm
        1. Diet change
        2. Feed form
        3. Number of feedings/day
        4. Feed rationing
     3. Feed additives
        1. Roughage
        2. Grain in litter
        3. (Lime) stones
     4. Pecking objects
        1. Pecking blocks
        2. Other pecking objects
  5. Health
     1. Healthy birds
        1. Gut health
        2. Vaccinations
     2. Disease pressure
        1. Litter condition
        2. Climate
        3. Poultry density
        4. Contact with other animals
     3. Parasites
        1. Red mites
        2. Worms
        3. Other parasites
     4. Human-animal relationship
     5. Fearfulness
  6. Climate
     1. Light
     2. Daylight
  7. Bird-related factors
     1. Genetics
     2. Age and previous experiences
• Treatment
  1. Prevention
  2. Measures
  3. Treating affected birds
• Importance
  1. Mortality
  2. Beak trimming
  3. Economics
• Further reading